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令人困擾的動詞 (Troblesome Verbs) 摘錄至賀氏文法與 Dr. eye

一、都可以當成"醒來"[無受詞；

         wake和 waken 可以當成"使…醒來"    [有受詞，也有被動語態。

        awake和awaken通常都是用在譬喻的場合[ Vi. awake當成"興起、領悟"

                                               Vt. awaken意思是"引起"

(1) It is hard for John to awake in the morning.

   It is hard for John to awaken in the morning.

   It is hard for John to wake (up) in the morning.

   It is hard for John to waken in the morning.

(2) Baby went to sleep but soon woke (up).

(3) My wife often wakens (or wakes) me with a kiss on the forehead.

(4) We were woken (or wakened) in the early hours of the morning by the shouting of the mob.

3.awake(不及物動詞)：興起、領悟, awaken(及物動詞)：引起

(1) At the beginning I paid little attention, but slowly my interest awoke.

(2) You must awake to the fact that failure will mean disgrace.

       awake to + 受詞 :明白、察覺、領悟

(3) It is easy for an excellent teacher to awaken the interest of the boys.

(註) awake 可做形容詞用：醒著的ó和 asleep 相反，二者均不可用 very 來修飾

 ①   A: Is the baby awake yet?

      B: He's wide awake.   修飾通常用: wide

 ② I lay awake all night.

 ③ You were fast asleep at six o'clock.修飾通常用: fast, sound

awake

動變: awoke, awaked; awoke, awaked, awoken; awaking

vt.

1. 喚醒, 使醒過來

【例】The thunder awoke me.雷聲把我驚醒了。

2. 使覺醒; 使意識到[(+to)]

【例】His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty.他父親試圖使他認識到自己的責任。

3. 喚起, 激起

【例】Nothing can awake her interest in this subject.什麼都無法激起她對這門學科的興趣。

vi.

1. 醒來

【例】He awoke from a sound sleep.他從酣睡中醒來。

2. 覺醒; 意識到[(+to)]

【例】We must awake to our responsibilities.我們一定要認識到自己的職責。

3. 被喚起, 被激起

【例】Old memories awoke in me when I saw the picture.我看到這張照片時件件往事湧上心頭。

a.[F]

1. 醒著的; 清醒的

【例】He lay awake in his bed.他醒著躺在床上。

2. 認識到的, 意識到的[(+to)]

【例】We are fully awake to the dangers of the situation.我們充分意識到局勢的危險。

3. 警惕的

【例】They stayed awake in their struggle against terrorists.在與反恐怖分子的鬥爭中他們始終保持警惕。

片語  awake to

1. 意識到

【例】She awoke to the danger.她意識到了危險。

awaken           

動變: awakened; awakened; awakening

vi.

1. 醒; 覺醒

【例】I awakened early because of the noise.我因那嘈聲很早就醒了。

2. 意識到; 認識到[(+to)]

awaken to new challenges   意識到新的挑戰

vt.

1. 喚醒; 使覺醒

2. 喚起; 激起

【例】His suspicions were awakened.他起了疑心。

3. 使意識到; 使認識到[(+to)]

awaken somebody to a sense of duty  喚起某人的責任感

片語awaken to

1. 使意識到; 使了解

【例】We must awaken the people to the dangers facing our country.

我們必須使人民了解國家所面臨的各種危險。

wake

動變: waked, woke; waked, woken; waking  名複: wakes

vi.

1. 醒來; 醒著[(+up)]

【例】I woke up at six this morning. 今天早晨我六點鐘醒來。

2. 覺醒, 覺悟

3. 警覺, 認識到[(+to)]

4. 變活躍, 振奮

【例】Nature wakes in spring. 春回大地, 萬物復甦。

vt.

1. 喚醒, 弄醒[(+up)]

【例】Please wake me up at 7: 00. 請於七點鐘叫醒我。

2. 使覺悟; 激發, 引起

n.

1. 守夜; 守靈[C]

n.

1. (船的)尾波, 航跡[C]

waken

動變: wakened; wakened; wakening

vi.

1. 醒來; 睡醒[(+up)]

【例】He wakened early that morning.那天早晨他很早就醒了。

2. 覺醒; 振奮

vt.

1. 喚醒; 弄醒[(+up)]

【例】I was wakened by their shouts.

我被他們的喊叫聲吵醒。

2. 使覺醒; 使振奮; 激發; 激起

【例】All this woke the local government to the need for safety precautions.所有這些使當地政府認識到必須採取安全預防措施。

二、lie , lay

    “說謊” [規則動詞

  (1) Don’t lie to me. I saw it with my own eyes.

    (2) You lied to me when you said you loved my yesterday. You are a liar! You are lying now. You have lied to me several times.

    “躺下” [不規則動詞

  (1) Don’t lie in bed all day. Get up and do some work.

    (2) Taichung lies to the south of Taipei.

    (3) He lay all night on his seleepless pillow.

    (4) There was a dunken man lying on the road as I passed.

    (5) This letter has lain unanswered for a month.

    (6) He did not feel energetic enough to go for a swim, so he just lay on the beach and sunbathed.

    “放置、鋪設”；”產卵” [不規則動詞

  (1) Lay the table, please..

    (2) The carpenter will come to lay the floor tomorrow..

    (3) He laid his hard on my shoulder.

    (4) He is laying by (or aside) money for his old age.

    (5) He has laid the foundation of his future success..

    (6) These hens lay (eggs) every day.

    (7) My sister has been laid up for several weeks as a result of a car accident.

    (8) The thief crept up behind the old man and laid him out with a single blow on the head..

    (8) He is always laying the blame on his assistants..

lie

動變: lay; lain; lying

vi.

1. (人, 動物)躺, 臥; (東西)被平放[Q]

【例】His hat and gloves were lying on the table. 他的帽子和手套都放在桌上。

【例】He lay down for a rest. 他躺下休息一會。

2. 呈...狀態, 置於[L]

【例】The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.地震之後整個城市成了一片廢墟。

【例】I have lain awake all night thinking of them. 我心裡想著他們, 徹夜未眠。

3. (事情)在於; (錯誤等)發現於[Q]

【例】The remedy lies in education. 補救的辦法在於教育。

4. 位於[Q]

【例】Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國的東面。

5. 展現, 伸展[Q]

【例】The city lies before us. 城市展現在我們面前。

6. 被埋葬[Q]

【例】Here lies the king of England. 這裡葬著英國國王。

7. 【舊】停留; 過夜

n.

1. 位置; 狀態[S1]

2. 棲息處[C]

片語  lie about

1. 閒著不做事

【例】He lay about all day instead of working. 他整天遊手好閒, 無所事事。

片語  lie by

1. 停歇

【例】They lay by during the heat of the day. 他們在白天最熱的時候停下來休息。

lie

動變: lied; lied; lying

vi.

1. 撒謊

【例】He lied about his age. 他在年齡上撒了謊。

2. 造成錯覺, 欺騙

【例】That clock must be lying; it isn't noon yet. 那鐘一定不可靠; 現在還不到中午。

vt.

1. 用欺騙致使[O]

【例】He lied himself out of trouble. 他用欺騙手段擺脫了困境。

n.

1. 謊話[C]

【例】The newspapers were full of lies. 報紙上一片謊言。

片語 give sb. the lie

1. 斥責某人說謊

【例】He gave Mary the lie. 他指責瑪麗說了假話

lay

動變: laid; laid; laying

vt.

1. 放, 擱[O]

【例】Please lay the packages on the table.請把包裹放在桌上。

2. 鋪設; 砌(磚); 塗

【例】The workers are laying the tracks.工人們在鋪設鐵軌。

3. 準備, 安排; 擬定

【例】They laid down a number of rules.他們制定了一些規則。

4. 下蛋; 產卵

5. 平息(塵土等); 平服, 驅除

【例】These fears ought now to be laid.這些疑懼現在可以平息了。

6. 賭(錢), 下(賭注)[(+on)][+that]

【例】He laid $100 on the horse.他在這匹馬上下注一百美元。

7. 使處於(某種狀態)[O][O8]

【例】The storm laid the village in ruins.暴風雨使這個村子成了一片廢墟。

8. 宣稱; 提出[O]

9. 歸(罪)於; 把...歸於[(+on/to)]

【例】He laid his failure to his lack of experience.他把失敗歸咎於缺乏經驗。

10. 把(懲罰等)加於[(+on)]

11. 【俚】【粗】與...交媾

vi.

1. 下蛋; 產卵

【例】The hens began laying in October.這些母雞十月份開始下蛋。

2. 打賭[(+with/on)]

3. 【海】就位; 擊船

4. 用力做

【例】He laid to his oars.他奮力划槳。

n.

1. 位置, 地形[the S]

【例】The lay of the ground hindered my view of the sea.地形擋住了我的視線, 使我看不見大海。

n.[C]

1. (供吟唱的)短敘事詩, 短抒情詩

2. 歌曲

片語lay about

1. 向四面八方亂打

T【例】he ruffian laid about in desperation.歹徒在絕望中向四周亂打一氣。

片語lay aside

1. 把...放在一邊

【例】She laid her book aside. 她把書放在一邊。2. 積蓄

【例】He is able to lay aside fifty pounds each week. 她每週能積蓄五十鎊。

lay away

1. 把...儲存起來

【例】He laid a little of his pay away each month. 他每月儲存一點工資。

片語lay back

1. 把...放回原處

【例】They laid the boy back on the bed. 他們把小男孩放回床上。

片語lay by

1. 儲存

【例】I have to lay by a little money for emergencies.我得存一點錢應急。

片語lay down

1. 放下

【例】They laid down their arms.他們放下了武器。

片語lay for

1. 埋伏著等待

【例】The policemen laid for the bandits along the road. 警察埋伏在路邊等著襲擊匪徒。

片語lay in

1. 貯藏

【例】We have laid in a supply of canned meat. 我們已經貯存了一批罐頭肉。

片語lay off

1. 解雇

【例】The company laid off 100 workers last week. 公司上週解雇了一百名工人。

片語lay out

1. 展示; 擺出

【例】He laid out his views in a speech this afternoon.他在今天下午的發言中提出了自己的觀點。

2. 安排; 籌劃

【例】I have a job laid out for him.我給他安排好了一份工作。

片語lay up

1. 貯存

【例】Bees lay up honey for the winter.蜜蜂為過冬貯存蜂蜜。

片語lay waste

1. 破壞; 荒廢

三、rise、arise、raise

    “上升” [不規則不及物動詞

  (1) A ballon rises because it is lighter than air.

    (2) The temperature sometimes rises during the daytime. The air grows warmer.

    (3) They say a drowning man rises three times..

    (4) Prices keep rising.

    (5) The sun rose bright and hot yesterday.

    (6) He did not feel energetic enough to go for a swim, so he just lay on the beach and sunbathed.

    “產生、起因於”[不規則不及物動詞

  (1) Mischief often arises (or rises) from idleness.

    (2) The quarrel arose (or rose) from a mere trifle.

    “起立、起床”[不規則不及物動詞

  (1) He arose( or rose) from his chair to welcome us.

    (2) Mother rises (arises, or gets up) at 6 O’clock every morning.

    “舉起、建立”；”飼養；種植” [規則及物動詞

  (1) Raise your hand if you have any questions to ask.

    (2) He raised his glass to me.

    (3) The city raised a monument in honor of its soldiers.

    (4) Grandfather raises cows and Grandmother raises vegetables.

    (5) Mr. Wang raised a good question.

    (6) Most growers have raised the price of coffee.

    (7) We are raising money for the relief fund.

rise

動變: rose; risen; rising  名複: rises

vi.

1. 上升; 升起; 上漲; 升高; 增加

The sun has not yet risen.太陽還沒升起。

The population of the city has risen to five million.該市人口已增加到五百萬。

2. 高聳; 高出[W][Q]

An immense building rose before their eyes.他們眼前聳立起一座巨大的建築物。

3. 起立[(+up)]

He rose and left the room.他站起身走出屋去。

4. 【書】起床

5. 【書】閉會, 休會

6. (風)起; (風力)增強

7. 起義; 起來反抗[(+up/against)]

The villagers rose against the aggressors.村民們起來和侵略者戰鬥。

8. 【宗】復活

9. (河, 川)發源; (事件)發生[W]

The River Rhine rises in Switzerland.萊茵河發源於瑞士。

10. 浮起, 浮現; (魚)浮上水面

His image rose before me.他的面容浮現在我眼前。

11. (麵糰)發酵

vt.

1. 使(鳥)飛起; 使(魚)浮上水面

n.

1. (數量, 程度等)增加, 上漲[C][(+in)]

There will be a rise in unemployment next year.明年失業人數將會增加。

2. 上升; 興盛; 發跡; 提升[U]

His rise to power surprised me.他上臺掌權令我感到意外。

3. 高地, 崗[C]

4. 【英】加薪

5. 源頭, 發源

片語 give rise to

1. 引起

These bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crime.這些惡劣的環境已造成了許多犯罪行為。

片語rise above

1. 克服

I thought you had risen above lying to your mother.我以為你已經克服了對你母親說謊的毛病了。

片語rise against

1. 反抗

The people rose against their leaders.人民起來反抗他們的首領。

arise

動變: arose; arisen; arising

vi.

1. 升起, 上升

A heavy mist arose from the lake.湖面起了濃霧。

2. 產生, 出現, 形成[(+from/out of)]

Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.在他們進行實驗的過程中, 出現了意想不到的困難。

Between the copartners serious disagreements arose.合夥人之間產生了嚴重分歧。

3. 【舊】起立

4. 復活

片語 arise from

1. 由...引起

Her illness arose from lack of rest.她的病是缺乏休息引起的。

raise

動變: raised; raised; raising vt.  名複: raises

1. 舉起, 抬起

He raised his glass and said: "Your health, Carl." 他舉起了杯子說道: "祝你健康, 卡爾。"

2. 增加; 提高; 提升[(+to)]

The landlord raised my rent. 房東提高了我的租金。

3. 籌(款); 招(兵); 集結

They are going to raise funds for the school buildings. 他們將為蓋校舍籌集資金。

4. 養育; 種植; 飼養

The baby was raised on soya-bean milk. 這孩子是用豆漿餵養大的。

5. 提出; 發出

6. 引起; 喚起; 揚起

7. 豎起; 建起

8. 撤除(包圍, 封鎖等), 解(禁)

9. 使復活; 使(鬼魂)出現

10. 給(賭注)加碼, 提高(賭注)

11. (用無線電)和...取得聯繫

n.

1. 【美】加薪; 加薪額[C]

I am going to ask the boss for a raise. 我要找老板要求加薪。

2. 提高, 舉, 升

3. 高處; 拱高路段

4. 【牌】賭注加碼, 加叫